What's an Espalier?

An espalier (es-PAL-yer) is a tree trained to two dimensions, like it was flattened out.  Most often it is trained on a wire or a trellis.

Besides being pretty, they are quite functional and are increasingly the choice for commercial apple orchards.  The supported limbs bear early and heavily.  They are easy to get to in order to find troubles, prune, and pick.  You can space them close together to get a lot of trees in a little space.  And you can make use of what would be wasted space along a fenceline or wall.

Training apple trees to espalier is much easier than it looks.  You just start with a small tree and trim off any branches pointing towards the front or back.  You can bend others the way you want them and tie them to the trellis or wire.  You can even spell your name with the branches.

Seedling rootstock trees kept small on an espalier wire fence

Belgian Fence.  It will top out the training sticks the first year.

 What is a Belgian Fence?

Instead of a front yard fence between you and your neighbor, consider a Belgian Fence.  It consists of Bud 9 rootstock trees planted 18" apart and the trunk trained to form a single "V" shape fork.  While the trees are young they are tied to bamboo sticks stuck into the ground.  As the trees mature and stiffen up, the sticks are removed and the branches grafted to each other by taking a slice of bark out of each where they cross and tying them together.  This stiffens up the fence into one solid mass that is stronger each year instead of decaying like a wood fence.  A single wire runs along the top between two poles that supports the structure in high winds.

Think of it:  it is far cheaper than a wooden fence, more windproof, more beautiful, grows quickly, and gives apples!  You can make each tree a different variety, and it will stop traffic when it is bearing.  Our book Growing Apples in the City can show you how to train your young trees up right.

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